Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGFβ-1 is a human polypeptide encoded by the TGFB1 gene. This cytokine belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. TGFβ-1 regulates several cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell growth, cell differentiation, cell motility, and apoptosis. TGFβ-1 is present throughout the body but abundantly found in skeletal tissues regulating bone and cartilage formation. It was discovered as a 25 kilodaltons protein in the human platelets. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) is a cytokine that belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It is found in skeletal tissues, where it regulates bone and cartilage formation. It also shows potential in healing wounds.
What does elevated human transforming growth factor beta 1 mean: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB1 gene. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) also known as TGF-beta-1 is a cytokine that in humans is encoded by the TGFB1 gene. This gene encodes a multifunctional polypeptide that regulates proliferation, differentiation and other functions of a variety of cell types. This protein is a cytokine that binds to TGFBR1/ALK5 receptor, type I, and to TGFBR2/ALK-5 receptor, type II. Binding to ALK5 induces signaling reactions which eventually lead to cell cycle arrest and differentiate precursor cells into more mature cells with more specialized functions. It has been shown that this protein can induce epithelial cells to form an extracellular matrix and stimulate differentiated function in many cell types including tumor cells. The transforming growth factor beta gene family consists of three structurally related genes: TGFB1, TGFB2, and TGFB3; these genes encode proteins that are 31%-37% identical.
Referred to as ventricular natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP is a hormone secreted by the human heart. An enzyme Corin splits pro-BNP and releases two moieties, a 32-amino acid polypeptide active hormone BNP and a non-active 76-amino acid N-terminal prohormone NT-proBNP (also abbreviated as BNPT). In response to increased ventricular blood volume, the heart releases larger quantities of BNP and NT-proBNP. An increase in BNP and NT-proBNP facilitates fluid retention and volume expansion in the veins and arteries and causes the heart to stretch and pump more blood. BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) is used as a diagnostic test to evaluate the health of your heart. It helps to determine the amount and severity of the heart failure. Unlike a blood test, BNP is not used only to assess heart failure, but also conditions that cause major blood vessel dilation or fluid buildup in your body (congestive heart failure).
What is bnp: BNP increases the production of nitric oxide (NO), which causes vasodilatation and a decrease in blood pressure. It also inhibits the action of the renin-angiotensin system, which is responsible for vasoconstriction. Thus, BNP decreases blood pressure by increasing NO and preventing renin-angiotensin from constricting the blood vessels.
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone secreted by the human heart. The heart continuously produces pro-BNP. An enzyme Corin splits pro-BNP and releases two moieties, a 32-amino acid polypeptide active hormone BNP and a non-active 76-amino acid N-terminal prohormone NT-proBNP (also abbreviated as BNPT). In response to increased ventricular blood volume, the heart releases larger quantities of BNP and NT-proBNP.